Hi everyone, I’m Dr Sam, a small animal veterinarian with a passion for piggies, and in today’s blog we’re diving into a lesser-known but very important condition that can affect your guinea pigs—diabetes. While it’s not as common as in humans, dogs or cats, guinea pigs can develop diabetes and early detection and proper care can make all the difference.

What Is Diabetes in Guinea Pigs?

Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disorder where the body either doesn’t produce enough insulin or can’t effectively use it. Insulin is produced by the pancreas, and helps regulate blood sugar levels within the body.  When it’s not working properly, glucose builds up in the bloodstream, and the body is unable to utilise this sugar for energy - instead using stored fat and protein from the body as alternative energy sources. In guinea pigs, this can lead to a range of symptoms and long-term health complications if not managed properly. 

What Causes It?

The exact cause of diabetes in guinea pigs isn’t fully understood, but it’s often linked to poor diet, genetics and obesity. In my experience, guinea pigs that are fed a diet too high in sugar and carbohydrates such as excessive fruits and treats, are particularly at risk. 

One of the best things you can do is stick to a healthy, high-fibre diet. Focus on hay as the primary food source, and avoid over-reliance on pellets or sugary fruits and veggies. It is also important to note that diabetes and elevated blood glucose levels can be transient in guinea pigs, and with correct management guinea pigs can enter remission. 

Symptoms to Watch For

Common signs of diabetes in guinea pigs include excessive thirst and urination, weight loss despite a good appetite, lethargy, and in some cases, cataracts or cloudy eyes. Due to drinking more water they will ultimately urinate more, and you may notice your guinea pig sitting in a constantly wet area, or have wet hair around their back end. 

If your guinea pig lives in an indoor cage you may find it easier to notice these subtle changes, and why it is so important to keep their bedding clean and monitor changes in their daily habits. Early detection often comes down to knowing what’s normal for your pet and spotting when things change.

How Is It Diagnosed and Treated?

Diagnosing diabetes usually involves a vet check up, a blood test and a urine test. The blood test will not only check your guinea pigs blood glucose levels, but also their kidney function, as renal impairment can display similar signs to diabetes, as well as occur simultaneously. A urine test will also help assess renal function, as well as looking for excess glucose being excreted into the urine.  

If diabetes is confirmed by your veterinarian, treatment may include dietary changes, weight management, and regular monitoring. In some severe cases, medication might be needed, although that’s quite rare for guinea pigs.

Unlike other animals, we generally don’t treat diabetic guinea pigs with insulin unless under very specific circumstances. Instead, managing the condition through diet is usually the best option. Your vet can help you choose the most suitable guinea pig food and develop a dietary and treatment plan to keep their weight and glucose levels under control.

Supporting Your Guinea Pig at Home

Create a safe and enriching environment with space to exercise, hide, and forage. Clean, soft bedding is essential, as diabetes can increase the risk of infections, especially if your guinea pig is sitting in damp areas. 

If you suspect your guinea pig may have diabetes, don’t delay—book a check-up. With the right care and attention, many guinea pigs with diabetes can live a good quality life and may even reach remission. Please contact us if you have any questions.